Questão 2 (Inglês) do ITA 2008

Question

Assinale a opção que contém os significados mais adequados para as palavras sublinhadas nos trechos abaixo:

I. The Illinois Smoke-free Restaurant Recognition Program recognizes those restaurants that have gone entirely smoke-free...(1^o Parágrafo).
II. Second-hand smoke is a combination of the smoke from a burning cigarette... (2^o Parágrafo).
III. More importantly, it represents a dangerous health hazard. (2^o Parágrafo).
IV. EPA estimates that approximately 3.000 American nonsmokers die...(3^o Parágrafo).

A
I - constantly II - provided by III - complication IV - likely
B
I - completely II - derived from III - risk IV - nearly
C
I - generally II - made by III - infection IV - almost
D
I - slightly II - exhaled by III - loss IV - around
E
I - totally II - produced by III - problem IV - exactly

Answer 1

PRÁTICA COM QUESTÕES OFICIAIS

Questão 2 (Inglês) do ITA 2008

Inglês · Inglês: Vocabulário em contexto e falsos cognatos

Texto-base das questões 01 a 03 · Inglês

As questões de 1 a 3 referem-se à seguinte página da internet:

Cabeçalho da página da internet "Illinois Department of Public Health" com o título em destaque "illinois smoke-free restaurant recognition program", logotipo à esquerda contendo prato com cigarro riscado por uma faixa de proibido, garfo e faca, e abaixo os nomes "Rod R. Blagojevich, Governor - Eric E. Whitaker, M.D., M.P.H., Director".

A Listing of
Illinois Smoke-free
Restaurants

Patron Brochure
(PDF) 65K

Restaurant Owner
Brochure
(PDF) 68K

Smoke-free
Restaurant Certificate

Illinois Clean
Indoor Act

The Illinois Smoke-free Restaurant Recognition Program recognizes those restaurants that have gone entirely smoke-free and raises public awareness to the dangers of exposure to second-hand smoke. Establishments choosing to participate in the program receive a certificate designating them as smoke-free restaurants and are listed on the Department’s Web site.

Second-hand smoke is a combination of the smoke from a burning cigarette and the smoke exhaled by the smoker. It contaminates the air and is retained in clothing, curtains and furniture. More importantly, it represents a dangerous health hazard.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded that second-hand smoke causes lung cancer in adult nonsmokers and impairs the respiratory health of children. The EPA classifies second-hand smoke as a group A carcinogen, a designation that means there is sufficient evidence that the substance causes cancer in humans. More than 4,000 different chemicals have been identified in second-hand smoke, and at least 43 of these chemicals cause cancer. EPA estimates that approximately 3,000 American nonsmokers die each year from lung cancer caused by second-hand smoke.

The restaurants participating in this voluntary program have taken a progressive position by recognizing the need to go smoke-free to protect the health of their employees and patrons and by encouraging other restaurants across Illinois to participate.

http://www.idph.state.il.us/tobacco/ilsmkfree.htm
Data da visita ao site: 26/06/2007

Assinale a opção que contém os significados mais adequados para as palavras sublinhadas nos trechos abaixo:

I. The Illinois Smoke-free Restaurant Recognition Program recognizes those restaurants that have gone entirely smoke-free...(1^o Parágrafo).
II. Second-hand smoke is a combination of the smoke from a burning cigarette... (2^o Parágrafo).
III. More importantly, it represents a dangerous health hazard. (2^o Parágrafo).
IV. EPA estimates that approximately 3.000 American nonsmokers die...(3^o Parágrafo).

A
I - constantly II - provided by III - complication IV - likely
B
I - completely II - derived from III - risk IV - nearly
C
I - generally II - made by III - infection IV - almost
D
I - slightly II - exhaled by III - loss IV - around
E
I - totally II - produced by III - problem IV - exactly

Escolha uma alternativa para conferir o gabarito.

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Resolução comentada

Cada item pede o sinônimo da palavra sublinhada no contexto.

entirely ("gone entirely smoke-free"): significa "inteiramente, por completo", isto é, completely ou totally. Isso elimina constantly (A), generally (C) e slightly (D).
from ("the smoke from a burning cigarette"): indica origem, a fumaça que vem do cigarro, ou seja, derived from, "proveniente de". Made by e produced by (C, E) até soam próximos, mas já estão eliminados pelo item I ou pelos itens III e IV.
hazard: significa "perigo, risco", e a frase fala de a dangerous health hazard, um risco à saúde. Logo, risk. Complication, infection, loss não são sinônimos, e problem é vago demais.
approximately ("approximately 3,000 ... die"): significa "aproximadamente", ou seja, nearly, almost ou around. Exactly (E) é o oposto e likely (A) quer dizer "provável".

Só a alternativa B acerta os quatro itens: completely, derived from, risk, nearly.

Alternativa B.

Por que as outras alternativas estão erradas

A"constantly" significa constantemente, e "likely" é provável, não aproximadamente; "complication" não é perigo.
C"generally" (geralmente) não equivale a entirely, e "infection" (infecção) não traduz hazard.
D"slightly" (levemente) é o oposto de entirely, e "loss" (perda) não é hazard.
E"exactly" (exatamente) contradiz approximately, e "problem" é genérico demais para hazard.

Assunto: Vocabulário em contexto e falsos cognatos.

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Fonte: ITA 2008 · Inglês. Prova oficial ↗