Como pensou
We need answer in Portuguese, solve. Need inspect image text. Question: two excerpts from Caminho de Pedras by Rachel de Queiroz, have in common description of responses unleashed primarily by system. Need determine primarily autonomic nervous system? Excerpts: crowd in flight, one cry and fear. Child: violent tremor agitava a criança, bracinhos se sacudiam, tritando, olhinhos se envesgavam, cegos, boca se torcia num esforço mudo e apavorante. Não gritava, não chorava era como se lutasse com uma coisa estranha invisível que a raptava do mundo, lhe apertava na garganta os sons estrangulados, lhe deformara o corpo e o rosto naquelas contorções desesperadas.
Descrevem reações de medo/pânico: tremor, sudorese? increased HR, pupil? "olhinhos se envesgavam, cegos" maybe pupils? "boca torcia", "sons estrangulados" due to laringoespasmo? The system primarily responsible for "respostas desencadeadas" is autonomic nervous system, especially sympathetic. Option A.
Need be careful: Question asks "têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" options: nervoso autônomo, cardiovascular, motor, sensorial, respiratório. The manifestations: tremor (motor), crying, contorções, boca torcida etc. But "primariamente" by system: emotional stress/fear triggers autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary responses (tremor? tremor is somatic motor? But autonomic can cause piloerection, sweating, tachycardia). The excerpts include "pavor", "grito", "tremor", "boca torcida", "sons estrangulados", "contorções". Which system? The "reação de alarme" / luta ou fuga, controlled by autonomic nervous system. Many actions are skeletal motor (gritar, contorções, tremor) but are manifestations of fear mediated by autonomic? Let's analyze.
Need perhaps identify from FUVEST? It is a biology question integrated with literature. The excerpts describe physiological/behavioral responses to fear. "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema nervoso autônomo" yes because fear activates hypothalamus -> sympathetic -> adrenal medulla; causes tachycardia, sweating, pupil dilation, etc. But excerpts: "um só grito e um só pavor", "tremor violento", "bracinhos se sacudiam, tritando", "olhinhos se envesgavam, cegos", "boca se torcia", "não gritava, não chorava", "apertava na garganta os sons estrangulados" etc. Are these autonomic? Tremor can be somatic. "Olhos se envesgavam" perhaps eyes roll (motor). "Boca torcia" motor. "Sons estrangulados" due to laryngeal muscle spasm (somatic). So might be "sistema motor"? Let's examine exact wording: "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" [nervoso autônomo?]. The two passages describe "a multidão se debatia na fuga, empurrava-se, era toda um só grito e um só pavor" and child with tremor, arms shaking, eyes rolling, mouth twisting, not shouting/crying, throat squeezed sounds. These are bodily responses to fear. The common system is "nervoso autônomo" because it coordinates fight-or-flight; but the specific described responses include movement and muscle contractions, which are somatic motor. Hmm.
Question: "Os dois trechos ... têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema (A) nervoso autônomo. (B) cardiovascular. (C) motor. (D) sensorial. (E) respiratório." In high school biology, "sistema nervoso autônomo" controls "respostas involuntárias" such as pupil dilation, salivation, sweating, heartbeat, breathing, digestion. The described "grito", "fuga", "tremor", "contorções" are somatic motor (voluntary skeletal muscles) controlled by system nervous central/somatic. But "pavor" triggers autonomic responses (dry mouth? throat closing? pupils?).
Need infer intended. The text has many visible motor manifestations: child's arms shaking, eyes rolling, mouth twisting, body/face contortions; crowd "se debatia na fuga, empurrava-se" movement; "grito" (motor). The system responsible for "movimentos" and "contrações musculares" is motor. But question says "primariamente" maybe "tremor" = motor? However autonomic does not control skeletal muscles, so tremor and contortion aren't autonomic. "Respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema nervoso autônomo" would include cardiovascular/respiratory changes, not described? Let's parse.
The first: "Em torno dele a multidão se debatia na fuga, empurrava-se, era toda um só grito e um só pavor." This includes behaviors: fleeing, pushing, screaming. Controlled by somatic motor system (skeletal muscles). "Um só pavor" emotional (limbic). Second: child's tremor, arms shaking, eyes turning, mouth twisting, throat squeezing sounds, body/face contortions. These are motor responses (muscle contractions) triggered by fear. So common: motor system. But why options include "nervoso autônomo"? Because fear activates autonomic system, but the text emphasizes visible contractions/movements, which are motor.
Could be answer C? Need decide.
Let's search memory? FUVEST 2027? Not actual? Maybe this is a known FUVEST question? It references Rachel de Queiroz's "Caminho de Pedras". Question wording: "Os dois trechos apresentados ... têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" Options. This looks like FUVEST 2023? Could be a Biology question about nervous system. The correct might be "nervoso autônomo" due to "respostas de luta ou fuga". Let's recall actual question? I might have seen. Maybe FUVEST 2024? Let's memory: FUVEST 2023 2ª fase? There was question with "Caminho de Pedras" and "sistema nervoso autônomo". It may be from Fuvest 2024? I need known answer. I can infer from biology.
Let's identify all responses:
- "multidão se debatia na fuga" = movement (somatic)
- "empurrava-se" = movement
- "um só grito" = vocalization (somatic)
- "pavor" = emotion
- "tremor violento" = involuntary tremor (can be autonomic? tremor is skeletal muscle oscillation, often due to adrenaline but executed by somatic motor)
- "bracinhos se sacudiam, tritando" = movement
- "olhinhos se envesgavam, cegos" = eye movement, maybe pupils? "cegos" might mean eyes not seeing due to fear
- "boca se torcia" = facial muscle contraction
- "esforço mudo" = muscular effort
- "não gritava, não chorava" = inhibition of vocalization
- "lutasse" = movement
- "apertava na garganta os sons estrangulados" = larynx contraction (somatic)
- "deformara o corpo e o rosto naquelas contorções desesperadas" = muscle contractions.
Clearly all are motor manifestations, even if triggered by fear. The system that directly produces them: motor (somatic nervous system). But "primariamente" maybe "desencadeadas" by autonomic (sympathetic) in response to fear? Let's compare: Autonomic controls smooth/cardiac muscles and glands, not skeletal; "tremor" can be due to activation of skeletal muscles by somatic nervous system, not autonomic. The question likely tests distinction: the described reactions are "motoras" (skeletal muscle contractions), not autonomic. But there are "respostas desencadeadas primariamente" maybe "pavor" triggers limbic system, hypothalamus, autonomic, and motor. Which system "primariamente" do these responses belong to? Hmm.
The first excerpt has "grito" and "fuga" - behavior. The second has "contorções" - movement. "Sistema motor" is responsible for movement by muscles. That seems straightforward. But why "nervoso autônomo" option? Because fear triggers autonomic "luta ou fuga". Many students might choose autonomic. The snippet "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" - "desencadeadas" rather than "executadas" could mean the trigger is autonomic (fight or flight). But "primariamente" can refer to the immediate system generating responses.
Let's inspect question wording: "têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" If asking about "respostas" such as "fuga, grito, tremor, contorções" — these are "respostas motoras" to fear, mediated by somatic motor system. If asking about "sudorese, taquicardia, midríase" - would be autonomic. The text doesn't mention those except maybe "olhinhos se envesgavam" could be eyes rolling up, not pupil dilation. "boca se torcia" and "garganta" are skeletal. So motor.
But I need perhaps account for "sistema nervoso autônomo" in emotional responses: The autonomic nervous system controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands; the excerpt "um só grito e um só pavor" perhaps "pavor" (fear) causes activation of sympathetic, leading to fight-or-flight. The body's immediate physical responses (increased heart rate, breathing, pupil dilation) prepare for action; but text shows "fuga" and "luta" (fight-or-flight), which is autonomic? Actually "luta ou fuga" is a set of autonomic physiological changes, but the behavioral response (running, fighting) is somatic. The phrase "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" may evoke "sistema nervoso autônomo" because it coordinates "respostas de luta ou fuga" (fight or flight) — a classic concept. The child "lutasse" and crowd "fuga" signal fight-or-flight, and physiological responses (tremor, pupil, mouth) are autonomic? Wait fight-or-flight includes pupil dilation, tachycardia, sweating, piloerection, bronchodilation; not tremor, mouth contortion, screams.
Let's see if "tremor" is an autonomic response? Tremor can be caused by adrenaline released from adrenal medulla, which is part of autonomic nervous system (sympathetic). But the movement is skeletal. High school often lists "tremores" as a symptom of adrenaline action? Yes, adrenaline causes tremor, increased heart rate, etc. The autonomic nervous system can indirectly cause tremor via adrenaline. But "primariamente" maybe "sistema nervoso autônomo" since emotions (fear) activate hypothalamus that triggers both autonomic and somatic; the common response is "nervoso autônomo"? Hmm.
Let's find the original question via memory. It might be FUVEST 2025? It says FUVEST 2027 perhaps future? It might be from a mock. The text: "Em torno dele a multidão se debatia na fuga..." and "Um tremor violento agitava a criança..." from Rachel de Queiroz, Caminho de Pedras. Question: "Os dois trechos ... têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema (A) nervoso autônomo. (B) cardiovascular. (C) motor. (D) sensorial. (E) respiratório." I can maybe search memory of answer: I recall a Fuvest 2024 question involving "Caminho de Pedras" and "sistema nervoso autônomo". The answer maybe A. There is a known question: Rachel de Queiroz's "Caminho de Pedras" excerpt about a child in a crowd, "Um tremor violento agitava a criança..." asks "As respostas descritas são desencadeadas pelo sistema nervoso autônomo, responsável por respostas involuntárias como ...". Maybe answer A. Let's see.
If it were C motor, the distractor A is plausible; exam could test "sistema nervoso autônomo vs motor". Which is correct? Need settle.
Let's examine phrase "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema". If response were "fuga" and "grito", "primariamente pelo sistema motor" doesn't sound right: the motor system is the final pathway, but the response is "desencadeada" by emotional stimuli through limbic/hypothalamus? However multiple choice at high school: "A ativação do sistema nervoso autônomo simpático desencadeia respostas como taquicardia, sudorese, midríase, tremor..." So fear triggers sympathetic. The excerpts are literary portrayals of fear with "respostas orgânicas" (tremor, etc). "Primariamente" maybe "desencadeadas" = mediated by autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary responses. The "sistema motor" controls voluntary movements; yet "tremor" is involuntary. But "fuga" and "empurrava-se" are voluntary-ish.
Let's classify each described response:
1. "multidão se debatia na fuga, empurrava-se" = coordinated skeletal movements; but "debatia-se" convulsively? The crowd was struggling in flight, pushing — motor.
2. "um só grito" = vocalization; motor.
3. "pavor" = emotion, not system.
4. "tremor violento" = involuntary shaking; can be due to autonomic arousal (adrenaline) or motor.
5. "bracinhos se sacudiam, tritando" = trembling (motor)
6. "olhinhos se envesgavam, cegos" = eyes roll; motor (extraocular muscles) or sensory? "cegos" could indicate temporary blindness from fear; sensory.
7. "boca se torcia" = muscle contraction; motor.
8. "esforço mudo" = motor effort.
9. "não gritava, não chorava" = absence of motor responses.
10. "lutasse com coisa invisível" = motor.
11. "apertava na garganta os sons estrangulados" = muscle constriction; motor.
12. "deformara o corpo e o rosto... contorções" = motor.
So most are motor. It is hard to justify autonomic as primary, except trigger. If asked "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" maybe the "system" that directly mediates all these actions is motor. But then "grito" from throat and "pavor" is not motor; "pavor" is central/limbic. The "respostas" are physical behaviors, clearly skeletal muscle.
Let's see "sistema nervoso autônomo" in Portuguese high school: It is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic. It controls "movimentos involuntários dos órgãos internos" and "glândulas". It doesn't control "músculos esqueléticos". The child's body and face contortions involve skeletal muscles. The crowd's running/pushing also skeletal. Thus not A. C.
However, the question might be from an exam that expects "sistema nervoso autônomo" because "pavor, fuga, grito" are "respostas de luta ou fuga" mediated by sympathetic. But if they include skeletal movements, that's somatic. Let's look at "respostas desencadeadas primariamente": The autonomic system can be activated first by fear and then drive somatic? Actually the sympathetic activation "desencadeia" physiological responses; but motor actions (flight) are "desencadeadas" by somatic nervous system too. The term "primariamente" might mean the first system activated: the autonomic nervous system (involuntary) is activated before the motor response. In stress, hypothalamus activates sympathetic; pupil dilation, heart rate; then fight/flight behavior. But the text describes "fuga" (behavior) and physical struggle.
Maybe the answer is A because of "pupilas dilatadas" not obvious? "olhinhos se envesgavam, cegos" could mean pupils? "Envesgar" = to squint/cross-eyed? It can mean turn eyes inward/roll eyes. "Cegos" not pupil dilation. "Boca torcia" not autonomic. "Garganta" has smooth muscle? Larynx has skeletal.
Let's search memory more. I have seen a question from "Fuvest 2024 - 2ª fase" maybe: "Em torno dele a multidão se debatia na fuga..." asks "A descrição refere-se a respostas de luta ou fuga, coordenadas pelo sistema nervoso autônomo. Explique como..." But this is multiple choice. The options include "nervoso autônomo" first. In many Fuvest biology questions, correct answer often A? Not necessarily.
Let's reason from educational objective. The excerpts from literature illustrate "medo" and "pânico". Biology asks: responses to fear are controlled by autonomic nervous system (sympathetic) primarily. Distractors are organ systems (cardiovascular, motor, sensorial, respiratory). It is a question about "sistema nervoso autônomo" vs other systems; the correct is likely A. They say "primariamente" because the autonomic system triggers broad responses; not a single organ system. If answer were motor, it's too literal and doesn't require biology; also "pavor" and "fuga" involve autonomic arousal. The "system" options include "motor", which is also a nervous system division, but the question says "primariamente", and the described reactions include "grito, fuga, contorções" which are motor. Hmm.
Let's identify "respostas desencadeadas primariamente" thanks to "pavor" (fear). In fear, the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system, which produces responses: increased heart rate, rapid breathing, dilated pupils, sweating, etc. The first excerpt: crowd fleeing; second: child trembling, eyes wide, mouth twisted, throat constricted — these are signs of intense fear. The common system is the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic) because it controls involuntary physiological reactions to stress. But the specific signs in the text: "tremor", "olhos", "boca", "garganta" are skeletal? The question may not require precise muscle type; in stress, sympathetic activation causes "tremor" (adrenaline), "olhos arregalados" (pupil dilation / retraction of eyelids? eyelid muscle is skeletal), "boca seca" (salivary glands autonomic), "garganta apertada" (autonomic? globus sensation), "contorções" (motor). It's mixed.
Let's examine "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema nervoso autônomo": The autonomic nervous system controls "glândulas, musculatura lisa e cardíaca"; not "tremor" (skeletal). If a biology exam expects rigor, they wouldn't say tremor is autonomic. But they might: Adrenaline from sympathetic activation acts on skeletal muscle? Adrenaline can cause tremor via beta-2 receptors, but the movement is still somatic. Also "grito" and "fuga" are skeletal.
Let's compare option "motor": The motor system (somatic nervous system) controls skeletal muscles, producing movements such as grito, fuga, tremor, contorções. All excerpts are full of movement. That is more directly tied. But "pavor" is not motor; it is emotional. The question says "respostas" not "emoções". "Respostas desencadeadas" could be "motor responses" (behavioral). In a fight-or-flight response, the behavioral response (fight/flee) is mediated by somatic motor system; the autonomic system mediates physiological support. The text describes behavior and movements, not internal organs. So correct C.
Let's think of wording in Portuguese: "têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" — if they meant motor, they'd perhaps say "pelo sistema nervoso somático" not "motor"; option says "motor", maybe because the "sistema motor" is not exactly a nervous system? They include "nervoso autônomo" with "nervoso" adjective, while other options are "cardiovascular, motor, sensorial, respiratório" (systems/organs). The common system is "sistema nervoso autônomo" because only A is a nervous system; "motor" and "sensorial" are components/functions, not systems? Actually "sistema motor" and "sistema sensorial" are valid.
Question likely tests "sistema nervoso autônomo" because it is the system that controls responses in emotional situations. The phrase "desencadeadas primariamente" suggests the autonomic system is "primarily" responsible, not the voluntary motor. It would be the only option with "nervoso" but no, "sensorial" and "motor" are also neural.
Let's search memory of exact phrase: "Os dois trechos apresentados pertencem à obra Caminho de Pedras, de Rachel de Queiroz, e têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" I think I saw answer on some site; maybe correct is "nervoso autônomo." The question is from Fuvest 2025? I vaguely recall an answer: "A" because "o texto descreve reações de luta ou fuga, comandadas pelo sistema nervoso autônomo (simpático)." Let's see if the child's symptoms: "tremor violento, bracinhos se sacudiam, olhinhos se envesgavam, boca se torcia" — these are "convulsões"? Could be a seizure? "não gritava, não chorava, como se lutasse..." It describes an epileptic seizure? If a child has a seizure, the motor system is primarily affected. But contextual: crowd fleeing due to something? Child is terrified? Actually excerpt: "Em torno dele a multidão se debatia na fuga..." The child? Maybe the child is having a "ataque de pavor" or "convulsão". The first excerpt: around him, crowd struggled in flight, a single scream and fear. Second: a violent tremor agitated the child... This could depict a child being trampled? Not necessarily autonomic.
Maybe the literary work "Caminho de Pedras" is about a political revolutionary? The excerpt might describe a child in a "campo de concentração" or during police repression? It could describe a child experiencing a "convulsion" from electric shock? Let's see: Rachel de Queiroz, Caminho de Pedras (1937) is a novel about a young communist woman? It might include a scene of police repression and a child in a crowd? The wording "Uma coisa estranha invisível que a raptava do mundo" etc. It may describe a child having an epileptic seizure (epilepsy) amid a fleeing crowd. If so, the responses are motor (convulsive seizure) primarily by motor system. Let's explore.
The second paragraph: "Um tremor violento agitava a criança, os bracinhos se sacudiam, tritando, os olhinhos se envesgavam, cegos, a boca se torcia num esforço mudo e apavorante. Não gritava, não chorava era como se lutasse com uma coisa estranha invisível que a raptava do mundo, lhe apertava na garganta os sons estrangulados, lhe deformara o corpo e o rosto naquelas contorções desesperadas." This sounds like a convulsion/epileptic seizure: tonic-clonic movements, eyes rolling, mouth twisting, no cry, body/face contortions. That is a neurological motor discharge. But question says "Os dois trechos ... têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema..." The first excerpt: crowd "se debatia na fuga, empurrava-se, era toda um só grito e um só pavor." That sounds like panic, not seizure. What common system? Maybe "sistema nervoso autônomo" controlling fear? But child's seizure not autonomic. Wait if child is in a crowd and has a seizure? "Em torno dele" could refer to child; crowd is fleeing around him while he has a seizure? Maybe he has a "convulsão" due to fear? The first paragraph is general panic. Both are descriptions of "pânico" in a crowd and a child? Hmm.
Could be about "reação de alarme" triggered by "medo" (pavor). The child's symptoms are intense fear (terror), not necessarily seizure. In severe fear, children can have "crise de pânico" with hyperventilation, trembling, choking sensation. The "coisa invisível que raptava do mundo" might be "pavor" itself. "Não gritava, não chorava" due to throat closing. This is a panic attack. Panic attack involves autonomic nervous system (sympathetic) and motor symptoms. Which system primarily? Autonomic.
Epileptic seizure would be primarily motor, but first paragraph not a seizure; crowd in flight is motor behavior. Common? Both show "respostas motoras" like debater, empurrar, gritar, tremor, contorções. Could be.
Let's examine the question's options. If the correct were "motor", it would encompass "grito, fuga, tremor, contorções" — very obvious. But the wording "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" might be designed to avoid saying "movimentos"; it asks which system triggers these responses. The "sistema motor" is the system that executes movements, not "desencadeia" them? The motor system is activated to produce movement. "Sistema sensorial" could be involved in perceiving fear; "cardiovascular/respiratório" are effectors; "autônomo" controls involuntary responses.
In biology, a "resposta motora" is a response produced by muscles; can be somatic (voluntary) or visceral (autonomic). The text has both.
Need maybe use the phrase "primariamente" in the context of systems: "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" — the autonomic nervous system is the primary coordinator of the "fight or flight" response. The sympathetic division triggers a cascade: pupils dilate, heart rate increases, bronchioles dilate, digestion inhibited, adrenal medulla releases adrenaline; skeletal muscles receive more blood. The behavioral "fuga" is not autonomic, but the physical signs (tremor, wide eyes, throat tightening) are autonomic. In an exam, they'd likely classify fear responses as autonomic.
Let's search memory of similar question. I recall a question from FUVEST 2023: "A obra Caminho de Pedras, de Rachel de Queiroz, ... os trechos têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema nervoso autônomo." It might be from "Fuvest 2024 1ª fase" question 70. I might have seen an answer key: A? Let's try memory from online questions: There is a Fuvest 2023 question about "Caminho de Pedras" and "sistema nervoso autônomo" indeed. I vaguely remember the correct answer is A. Why? The alternatives: (A) nervoso autônomo; (B) cardiovascular; (C) motor; (D) sensorial; (E) respiratório. The answer probably A because the excerpt presents "respostas involuntárias, como tremor, dilatação da pupila, contração da musculatura lisa, etc., típicas da ativação do sistema nervoso autônomo." But "bracinhos se sacudiam" are not involuntary? They can be involuntary tremors. "Boca se torcia" could be involuntary muscle spasms. Maybe all are involuntary responses to fear, coordinated by autonomic system? But skeletal muscles are not autonomic; however, "tremor" can be involuntary somatic. Hmm.
Let's think of an exam writer: They choose a literary excerpt with "tremor violento, bracinhos se sacudiam, olhinhos se envesgavam, boca se torcia, sons estrangulados, contorções" — this is full of motor activity. If they want "sistema nervoso autônomo", the excerpt is a poor fit because autonomic doesn't control skeletal muscles. But maybe they are not distinguishing smooth/skeletal; high school students know autonomic controls "respostas involuntárias" like "tremores, sudorese, palidez" in fear. The first excerpt has "pavor"; fear triggers autonomic. The child has "pavor"; the word "apavorante" appears. This is a hint: pavor → resposta de medo → sistema nervoso autônomo (luta ou fuga). The title "Caminho de Pedras" not relevant.
If the correct were motor, why mention "pavor" and "apavorante"? To indicate the emotional trigger, but system that causes the motor response is motor. The options include "sensorial" (perception of fear?) etc.
Let's map to "sistema nervoso autônomo" high school: It is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic; sympathetic stimulates "respostas de luta ou fuga" (aumento dos batimentos cardíacos, ritmo respiratório, pupilas dilatadas, liberação de adrenalina, tremores). The text shows "fuga", "grito", "pavor", "tremor", "olhos", "respiração/garganta" - all signs of sympathetic activation. So A seems more likely.
But wait, "sistema cardiovascular" and "respiratório" are effector systems; the autonomic nervous system controls them. If excerpt has only motor and not internal organs, B/E are not. C (motor) might be more direct. The word "primariamente" might mean "the responses are primarily triggered by autonomic nervous system, not by the organ systems (cardiovascular, respiratory) or motor/sensorial." Example: tachycardia is triggered by cardiovascular system, but primarily by autonomic control. The question asks "sistema", and autonomic is the controller.
Let's see if any described response is "cardiovascular" or "respiratório": no direct heart/breathing except "garganta" and "sons estrangulados" (larynx, respiratory), but no. "Motor" has many. If a student reads, they choose motor. But exam might test that "pavor" triggers autonomic, not voluntary motor; the movements are involuntary. The first "multidão se debatia na fuga, empurrava-se" are voluntary movements, though. Could be better described as "sistema motor". The "pavor" is central. The common is not autonomic because the crowd's running is not autonomic; only the emotion. Hmm.
Let's see "respostas desencadeadas primariamente" not "executadas". The crowd's flight is a response to fear; the motor system executes flight, but the autonomic system "desencadeia" the physiological readiness. The question likely from Biology, not Portuguese; they'd want the physiological system underlying stress response. "Primariamente" could point to autonomic as primary trigger.
What would an answer explanation for A say? The excerpts describe signs of fear/panic, such as tremors, pupil/eye changes, mouth contortion, throat constriction, which are involuntary responses of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic), preparing the organism for fight/flight. It controls smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands. But "bracinhos se sacudiam" involves skeletal muscles; some involuntary movements can be due to adrenaline. Explanation can say these are not conscious.
What would explanation for C say? The movements (fleeing, screaming, trembling, contorting) are produced by skeletal muscles under motor system control. The autonomic system controls internal organs, not these visible movements. This is biologically rigorous. Since question says "descrição de respostas" and lists many movements, C is rigorous. Which is official? Need infer from exam level: FUVEST is rigorous. They might expect distinction between somatic motor and autonomic. The phrase "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" could be a trick: Many would associate fear with autonomic, but the specific described responses are motor (skeletal muscle contractions). FUVEST likes interdisciplinarity and precise reading. The correct could be C.
Let's find official answer from memory. I can try reconstruct from online question banks. I have seen a question: "Em torno dele a multidão se debatia na fuga..." The answer maybe "A". I vaguely remember a professor explaining: "A questão aborda o sistema nervoso autônomo, que atua em situações de estresse, como o medo, desencadeando respostas involuntárias como tremor, sudorese e taquicardia." But I'm not sure.
Let's search my internal memory (as LLM trained on web). The phrase "Os dois trechos apresentados pertencem à obra Caminho de Pedras, de Rachel de Queiroz, e têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" — If I complete: "nervoso autônomo." I have a strong association: It is a known question with answer A. Maybe because the exact wording in many answer keys: "Resposta: A". I can try recall seeing a similar question on a site: "Fuvest 2024 - Questão 63 - ... Caminho de Pedras ...". Answer: "A" maybe. Let's verify via content: The alternatives:
(A) nervoso autônomo.
(B) cardiovascular.
(C) motor.
(D) sensorial.
(E) respiratório.
If correct were C, why include "nervoso autônomo" first? To lure due to "pavor" and involuntary responses. FUVEST often puts the correct first? Not a rule. If correct were A, "motor" is a lure due to movements. Which lure is stronger? The excerpt's visible content is movement, so "motor" lure is very strong. FUVEST might want students to look beyond movement to the emotion/fear and choose autonomic. Or they might want precise "movements are motor" and "fear is trigger not system".
Let's examine the phrase "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" not "movimentos descritos". It's "responses triggered primarily by the system". In a stress response, the autonomic nervous system is the primary effector; it triggers tachycardia, sweating, piloerection, pupil dilation, etc. These are "respostas involuntárias". The excerpt's "tremor violento, bracinhos se sacudiam..." are movements, but are they "responses triggered by autonomic"? Tremor is not directly autonomic; it's due to muscle contraction. However, the "fight-or-flight response" includes shivering/trembling due to adrenaline. So a high school exam may count it.
Let's look at "olhinhos se envesgavam, cegos" — In autonomic activation, pupils dilate (midríase), not "envesgar" (rolling eyes). "Cegos" could be due to blood diverted from eyes? Not autonomic. "Boca se torcia" — facial muscles. "Sons estrangulados" — laryngeal muscles. It's a description of a seizure/convulsion more than fear? Wait if it's an epileptic seizure, the system is motor. The first paragraph "multidão se debatia na fuga" also "debatia" can mean convulsing/struggling. The word "debatia" is used for both crowd and child? "se debatia na fuga" and "lutasse... contorções". Could be a deliberate echo: both are "se debater" (thrash about). Motor system.
Let's consider the source context. "Caminho de Pedras" is a novel. The passage may be from a scene where a child has a seizure due to "misery"? Let's see if Rachel de Queiroz wrote about a character "Noemi"? Actually "Caminho de Pedras" (1937) tells the story of Noemi, a young woman from Ceará who becomes involved with communist politics. There is a character "João Jaú"? Not sure. The excerpt could describe a "child" having a "convulsion" because of "fome"? Hmm.
Maybe the two excerpts are not contiguous; the first: "Em torno dele a multidão se debatia na fuga..." refers to a man being chased by police? The second: "Um tremor violento agitava a criança..." describes someone else? It says "Em torno dele" and child? The pronoun "dele" perhaps a child? "a criança" in next paragraph. It may depict a child during a political protest, being trampled; the child is in a panic. The symptoms are of "pânico" / "ataque de nervos". The question asks common "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema nervoso autônomo". Panic attacks involve autonomic hyperactivation. Yes.
Let's evaluate the options from an "organ system" perspective:
- "nervoso autônomo" is a division of nervous system controlling involuntary responses.
- "cardiovascular" would be heart/blood vessels; not all described.
- "motor" controls voluntary movements via skeletal muscles; many described are involuntary (tremor, contortion). But "fuga" and "grito" are voluntary/behavioral.
- "sensorial" involved in perception; not.
- "respiratório" only "garganta" maybe.
If the question wanted "motor", it might use "sistema nervoso somático" or "sistema nervoso periférico" not "motor". "Motor" can be a system, but high school also calls "sistema nervoso somático" for voluntary. The described "tremor" is involuntary, so "autônomo" is more fitting for the "involuntary" aspect. The first paragraph's "multidão se debatia na fuga" is voluntary? In panic, not fully.
Also "pavor" (fear) is a strong indicator of "sistema límbico", but not option; limbic triggers autonomic. The question asks "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" — In fear, the hypothalamus stimulates the sympathetic nervous system; the adrenal medulla releases hormones. So the autonomic is primary.
Let's find official answer by memory. I think I recall a video title "Fuvest 2024: questão de biologia sobre sistema nervoso autônomo e Caminho de Pedras". The answer was A. The question likely from "Fuvest 2024 1ª fase - 2º dia" maybe. The correct answer in my memory is A. Let’s not rely solely; but I'm leaning A now due to exam likely.
Wait, I can try reconstruct from answer keys. FUVEST 2024 first phase question 71? I remember some questions:
- Question about "Caminho de Pedras" and "sistema nervoso autônomo" might be from Fuvest 2023, answer A.
- Other biology questions: "A figura mostra a produção de etanol..." etc.
The user says "prova FUVEST 2027" maybe a future simulated exam. It might not be official; but likely generated from actual FUVEST? They want answer. We need provide explanation and final letter.
Let's deeply analyze biology to be confident. If asked "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema nervoso autônomo", what are examples in text? The "tremor violento" can be a somatic motor response, but also "tremor" is often caused by increased adrenaline (sympathetic). "Bracinhos se sacudiam" are skeletal movements, but involuntary due to fear (could be "tremor" under autonomic influence). "Olhinhos se envesgavam, cegos" could be "midríase" (pupils dilate) making eyes look strange; "cegos" due to fear? "Boca se torcia" could be "espasmo" of facial muscles, somatic. "Sons estrangulados" due to "contração da laringe" (smooth? laryngeal muscles are skeletal but controlled by vagus? Actually laryngeal muscles are skeletal, innervated by vagus (cranial nerve X), which also has parasympathetic fibers; but skeletal). "Corpo e rosto em contorções" = skeletal.
If the official answer were A, the explanation would need to gloss over skeletal. If C, the explanation is straightforward. FUVEST biology is usually precise, but can accept "autonomic" for fear responses broadly. Let's see the exact option "motor" rather than "nervoso somático". They might be considering "sistema motor" as the system that controls muscles and movements; the excerpts indeed describe "respostas motoras" (movements). The first paragraph: "se debatia na fuga, empurrava-se, era toda um só grito" — these are motor actions. The second: "tremor, sacudiam, envesgavam, torcia, contorções" — motor. The common denominator is "movement", not "internal organ changes". The word "primariamente" might be a distractor? It says "desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" — motor system is what is activated to produce these movements.
But "pavor" is not a movement. The question says "respostas desencadeadas" not "descrição de movimentos". The "respostas" include "pavor" (subjective) but that's not a system. The "grito" is motor, "fuga" motor, "tremor" motor, etc. So C is defensible.
Let's compare with "sistema nervoso autônomo" would produce "cardiovascular" and "respiratório" responses too; option B/E are subordinate. If the correct were autonomic, why include "motor"? Because motor is another neural system but not autonomic. Many high school students know "sistema nervoso autônomo" controls involuntary functions. The text's "não gritava, não chorava" (inhibition) and "esforço mudo" suggest inability to control; "como se lutasse" = involuntary struggle. The "coisa invisível que a raptava do mundo" = intense emotion. This is a panic attack, which is autonomic. The child is not voluntarily performing these contortions; they are involuntary. That points to autonomic (involuntary) rather than motor (voluntary). But motor system can produce involuntary reflexes too.
What does the term "sistema nervoso autônomo" control? It controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands. The child's "boca se torcia" involves facial muscles (skeletal), but "boca seca" due to autonomic would cause contortion? Not exactly.
Maybe the "respostas" are not the observable movements but the underlying "pavor" and "fuga" (fight-or-flight). The autonomic nervous system orchestrates the "resposta de luta ou fuga" as a whole. The question's wording "desencadeadas primariamente" - fight-or-flight response is triggered primarily by autonomic nervous system. This is a standard concept.
Let's look at "respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema" singular. "Sistema nervoso autônomo" is not "primarily" responsible for skeletal movement; the somatic motor is. So if FUVEST were precise, answer C. But if they wanted "luta ou fuga", they'd use "sistema nervoso autônomo". Which option is more likely as official? Need decide final.
Let's see if there is any mention of "respostas" in plural but "sistema" singular. The "respostas desencadeadas" could be "respostas de luta ou fuga", a known term. This response includes both autonomic and motor components. In high school, "resposta de luta ou fuga" is mediated by the autonomic nervous system, specifically sympathetic. So A.
Let's search memory from exact excerpt: I have a faint memory of a question in "Fuvest 2025" answer "A" and an explanation: "A descrição apresenta reações involuntárias típicas do sistema nervoso autônomo simpático, como tremor, sudorese, pupilas dilatadas, boca seca, etc., desencadeadas pelo medo." It might be from "Fuvest 2024 - 2ª fase" but okay.
Let's also consider that the question says "Os dois trechos ... têm em comum a descrição de respostas desencadeadas primariamente pelo sistema". If the answer were "motor", that would be too obvious from verbs; FUVEST tends to not ask trivial. The inclusion of "pavor" and "apavorante" and "luta" strongly hints at stress/fear → autonomic. The "motor" option is a trap for those who only look at movement. The exam tests understanding that fear activates autonomic nervous system, producing involuntary reactions. So A.
Need final answer in Portuguese, explanation concise. Mention that medo/pânico ativa o sistema nervoso autônomo (simpático), que coordena respostas involuntárias de luta ou fuga: tremores, alterações de pupilas/olhos, tensão de garganta, sudorese etc. Os movimentos descritos são manifestações involuntárias/automáticas dessa descarga; não são primariamente comandados pelo sistema motor voluntário nem por um único sistema cardiovascular/respiratório/sensorial. End "Resposta: A".
Need be cautious with "pupilas" not explicit. We can say "olhos esgazeados" but not overstate. Mention "tremor" and "contorções" como descarga motora involuntária associada à ativação simpática; o sistema autônomo é o coordenador primário da resposta ao pavor. That should be okay.
But if correct is C, final would be wrong. Let's do a final sanity check: If official answer were C, an explanation: "Os trechos descrevem movimentos corporais (fuga, grito, tremor, contorções), realizados por musculatura esquelética, portanto dependentes do sistema motor." The question says "primariamente pelo sistema" and options include "motor". It would be a simple reading. But then why "pavor" and "respostas"? The "respostas" are not merely movements; there is "pavor". Also "tremor violento" is not a voluntary motor act. The "multidão se debatia na fuga" is motor. Which common system between voluntary crowd movement and involuntary child contortion? The autonomic? Actually the common is "resposta ao medo" not "motor". The first is a behavioral response; second is physiological. The common is "medo" activating autonomic. So A.
Let's finalize A. Need not too verbose. Desired oververbosity 5. Answer with explanation. Use "Resposta: A" exactly final line. No extra after.