PRÁTICA COM QUESTÕES OFICIAIS
Questão 20 (1º exame) da UERJ 2012 (inglês)
Texto-base das questões 16 a 21 · 1º Exame de Qualificação
Happiness
It was almost nightfall. The whole day: rain, torrents of rain. Drenched to the bone, I arrived in a little Calabrian village. I had to find a hearth where I could dry out, a corner where I could sleep. The streets were deserted, the doors bolted. The dogs were the only ones to scent the stranger’s breath; they began to bark from within the courtyards. The peasants in this region are wild and misanthropic, suspicious of strangers. I hesitated at every door, extended my hand, but did not dare to knock.
O for my late grandfather in Crete!, who took his lantern each evening and made the rounds of the village to see if any stranger had come. He would take him home, feed him, give him a bed for the night, and then in the morning see him off with a cup of wine and a slice of bread. Here in the Calabrian villages there were no such grandfathers.
Suddenly I saw an open door at the edge of the village. Inclining my head, I looked in: a murky corridor with a lighted fire at the far end and an old lady bent over it. She seemed to be cooking. I crossed the threshold and entered. I reached the fire and sat down on a stool which I found in front of the hearth. The old lady was squatting on another stool, stirring the meal with a wooden spoon. I felt that she eyed me rapidly, without turning. But she said nothing. Taking off my jacket, I began to dry it. I sensed happiness rising in me like warmth, from my feet to my shins, my thighs, my breast. Hungrily, avidly, I breathed in the delicious smell of the steam rising from the pot. Once more I realized to what an extent earthly happiness is made to the measure of man. It is not a rare bird which we must pursue at one moment in heaven, at the next in our minds. Happiness is a domestic bird in our own courtyards.
As soon as we finished, she prepared a bed for me on a bench to the right of the table. I lay down, and she lay down on the other bench opposite me. Outside the rain was falling by the bucketful. For a considerable time I heard the water cackle on the roof, mixed with the old lady’s calm, quiet breathing. She must have been tired, for she fell asleep the moment she inclined her head. Little by little, with the rain and the old lady’s respiration, I too slipped into sleep. When I awoke, I saw daylight peering through the cracks in the door.
The old lady had already risen and placed a saucepan on the fire to prepare the morning milk. I looked at her now in the sparse daylight. Shriveled and hump, she could fit into the palm of your hand. Her legs were so swollen that she had to stop at every step and catch her breath. But her eyes, only her large, pitch-black eyes, gleamed with youthful, unaging brilliance. How beautiful she must have been in her youth, I thought to myself, cursing man’s fate, his inevitable deterioration. Sitting down opposite each other again, we drank the milk. Then I rose and slung my carpetbag over my shoulder. I took out my wallet, but the old lady colored deeply.
“No, no,” she murmured, extending her hand.
As I looked at her in astonishment, the whole of her wrinkled face suddenly gleamed.
“Goodbye, and God bless you,” she said. “May the Lord repay you for the good you’ve done me. Since my husband died I’ve never slept so well.”
NIKOS KAZANTZAKIS*
http://grammar.about.com
* Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957) was one of the most important Greek writers of the 20th century.
Happiness is a domestic bird in our own courtyards. (\ell. 19-20)
This fragment contains a figure of speech which is labeled as:
- Airony
- Bsimile
- Cmetaphor
- Dmetonymy
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Resolução comentada
Para resolver, vale lembrar o que cada figura faz:
- Ironia: diz-se o contrário do que se pretende comunicar.
- Símile (comparação): compara dois elementos com um conectivo explícito, como like ou as.
- Metáfora: identifica diretamente um elemento com outro, sem conectivo, usando o sentido figurado.
- Metonímia: troca um termo por outro com o qual ele tem relação de proximidade, como a parte pelo todo ou o autor pela obra.
No trecho, "Happiness is a domestic bird in our own courtyards", a felicidade, que é abstrata, é declarada diretamente como uma ave doméstica. A frase usa o verbo is e não tem like nem as.
O contexto confirma a leitura. A frase anterior diz que a felicidade "is not a rare bird which we must pursue", isto é, não é uma ave rara a perseguir no céu ou na mente. Ela é uma ave doméstica, que está ao alcance, no quintal. O narrador acabara de sentir essa felicidade simples: calor, comida e abrigo na casa da velha senhora.
Portanto, a felicidade é identificada com um animal sem comparação explícita, e isso caracteriza uma metáfora.
Alternativa C.
Pegadinha: A alternativa B engana quem confunde comparação implícita com explícita: sem "like" ou "as", a figura é metáfora, não símile.
Por que as outras alternativas estão erradas
- ANão há ironia: o narrador diz exatamente o que pensa, sem sentido contrário ao literal.
- BO símile exigiria um conectivo comparativo (like, as), que não aparece na frase.
- DNão há metonímia: a ave não substitui a felicidade por relação de contiguidade, mas a representa por semelhança.
Assunto: Linguagem figurada, ironia e humor.
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Fonte: UERJ 2012 · 1º Exame de Qualificação. Prova oficial ↗