PRÁTICA COM QUESTÕES OFICIAIS

Questão 18 (1º exame) da UERJ 2012 (inglês)

1º exame · Linguagens · Inglês: Argumentação e organização do texto

Texto-base das questões 16 a 21 · 1º Exame de Qualificação

Happiness

It was almost nightfall. The whole day: rain, torrents of rain. Drenched to the bone, I arrived in a little Calabrian village. I had to find a hearth where I could dry out, a corner where I could sleep. The streets were deserted, the doors bolted. The dogs were the only ones to scent the stranger’s breath; they began to bark from within the courtyards. The peasants in this region are wild and misanthropic, suspicious of strangers. I hesitated at every door, extended my hand, but did not dare to knock.

O for my late grandfather in Crete!, who took his lantern each evening and made the rounds of the village to see if any stranger had come. He would take him home, feed him, give him a bed for the night, and then in the morning see him off with a cup of wine and a slice of bread. Here in the Calabrian villages there were no such grandfathers.

Suddenly I saw an open door at the edge of the village. Inclining my head, I looked in: a murky corridor with a lighted fire at the far end and an old lady bent over it. She seemed to be cooking. I crossed the threshold and entered. I reached the fire and sat down on a stool which I found in front of the hearth. The old lady was squatting on another stool, stirring the meal with a wooden spoon. I felt that she eyed me rapidly, without turning. But she said nothing. Taking off my jacket, I began to dry it. I sensed happiness rising in me like warmth, from my feet to my shins, my thighs, my breast. Hungrily, avidly, I breathed in the delicious smell of the steam rising from the pot. Once more I realized to what an extent earthly happiness is made to the measure of man. It is not a rare bird which we must pursue at one moment in heaven, at the next in our minds. Happiness is a domestic bird in our own courtyards.

As soon as we finished, she prepared a bed for me on a bench to the right of the table. I lay down, and she lay down on the other bench opposite me. Outside the rain was falling by the bucketful. For a considerable time I heard the water cackle on the roof, mixed with the old lady’s calm, quiet breathing. She must have been tired, for she fell asleep the moment she inclined her head. Little by little, with the rain and the old lady’s respiration, I too slipped into sleep. When I awoke, I saw daylight peering through the cracks in the door.

The old lady had already risen and placed a saucepan on the fire to prepare the morning milk. I looked at her now in the sparse daylight. Shriveled and hump, she could fit into the palm of your hand. Her legs were so swollen that she had to stop at every step and catch her breath. But her eyes, only her large, pitch-black eyes, gleamed with youthful, unaging brilliance. How beautiful she must have been in her youth, I thought to myself, cursing man’s fate, his inevitable deterioration. Sitting down opposite each other again, we drank the milk. Then I rose and slung my carpetbag over my shoulder. I took out my wallet, but the old lady colored deeply.

“No, no,” she murmured, extending her hand.

As I looked at her in astonishment, the whole of her wrinkled face suddenly gleamed.

“Goodbye, and God bless you,” she said. “May the Lord repay you for the good you’ve done me. Since my husband died I’ve never slept so well.”

NIKOS KAZANTZAKIS*
http://grammar.about.com

* Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957) was one of the most important Greek writers of the 20th century.

In the second paragraph, Kazantzakis introduces a flashback, an interruption in the telling of the major action to show an episode that happened at an earlier time.

In this narrative, the flashback has the function of:

  1. A
    achieving a surprise effect
  2. B
    emphasizing the main event
  3. C
    providing extra information
  4. D
    creating a suspenseful mood
Escolha uma alternativa para conferir o gabarito.
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Resolução comentada

O flashback interrompe a sequência dos acontecimentos para recuperar uma experiência anterior. Nesta narrativa, a lembrança do avô não é apenas uma informação sobre o passado: ela ajuda a destacar o sentido do acolhimento vivido pelo narrador.

No primeiro parágrafo, ele chega molhado e encontra portas fechadas, moradores desconfiados e nenhuma disposição aparente para receber um desconhecido. No segundo, lembra que seu avô procurava viajantes para oferecer comida e abrigo. A frase decisiva é “Here in the Calabrian villages there were no such grandfathers”: “Aqui, nas aldeias calabresas, não havia avôs assim”.

Essa lembrança estabelece um contraste entre a falta de hospitalidade do lugar e a generosidade do avô. Quando a senhora oferece calor, alimento e um lugar para dormir, sua atitude ganha destaque justamente por recuperar o acolhimento que o narrador parecia não poder encontrar ali.

Portanto, embora o flashback acrescente informações, sua função principal é enfatizar o acontecimento central, isto é, a experiência de hospitalidade e felicidade na casa da senhora.

Alternativa B.

Por que as outras alternativas estão erradas

  • AA lembrança do avô destaca a hospitalidade, em vez de produzir um efeito de surpresa.
  • CAcrescentar informações é um efeito secundário; a função principal é destacar o acolhimento central da narrativa.
  • DA lembrança apresenta generosidade e acolhimento, sem criar uma atmosfera de suspense.

Assunto: Argumentação e organização do texto.

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Ver como caiu na prova Questão 18 no caderno 1º Exame de Qualificação da UERJ 2012

Fonte: UERJ 2012 · 1º Exame de Qualificação. Prova oficial ↗